Ƙimar aikace-aikacen tsarin ajiyar makamashi a halin yanzu ya ƙunshi duk wani nau'i na darajar makamashi, gami da samar da wutar lantarki mai girma na al'ada, samar da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa, watsa wutar lantarki, hanyoyin rarraba wutar lantarki, da sarrafa wutar lantarki a ƙarshen mai amfani. A aikace-aikace masu amfani, tsarin ajiyar makamashi yana buƙatar haɗa ƙananan wutar lantarki na DC waɗanda suke haifar da kai tsaye zuwa babban ƙarfin AC na grid ɗin wutar lantarki ta hanyar inverters. A lokaci guda kuma, ana buƙatar inverters don kula da mitar grid a yayin da ake samun tsangwama, ta yadda za a cimma haɗin grid na tsarin ajiyar makamashi. A halin yanzu, wasu ƙasashe sun fitar da daidaitattun buƙatun don tsarin ma'ajin makamashi mai haɗin grid da inverters. Daga cikin su, tsarin daidaitaccen tsarin haɗin grid wanda Amurka, Jamus, da Italiya suka bayar suna da cikakkiyar ma'ana, waɗanda za a gabatar da su dalla-dalla a ƙasa.
Amurka
A cikin 2003, Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki (IEEE) ta Amurka ta fitar da ma'aunin IEEE1547, wanda shine ma'auni na farko don haɗin grid mai rarraba wutar lantarki. Daga baya, an saki jerin ma'auni na IEEE 1547 (IEEE 1547.1 ~ IEEE 1547.9), wanda ya kafa cikakken tsarin daidaitattun fasahar haɗin grid. Ma'anar wutar lantarki da aka rarraba a Amurka a hankali ya fadada daga asali mai sauƙin rarraba wutar lantarki zuwa ajiyar makamashi, amsa buƙata, ingancin makamashi, motocin lantarki da sauran filayen. A halin yanzu, tsarin ajiyar makamashi mai haɗin grid da inverters da ake fitarwa zuwa Amurka suna buƙatar cika ka'idodin IEEE 1547 da IEEE 1547.1, waɗanda sune ainihin buƙatun shigarwa ga kasuwar Amurka.
Daidaitaccen No. | Suna |
IEEE 1547:2018 | Matsayin IEEE don Haɗin kai da Haɗin kai na Albarkatun Makamashi Rarraba tare da Haɗin Tsarin Tsarin Wutar Lantarki |
IEEE 1547.1:2020 | IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procession don Haɗin Kayan Aikin Haɗin Rarraba Albarkatun Makamashi tare da Tsarin Wutar Lantarki da Haɗe-haɗe. |
Tarayyar Turai
Dokokin EU 2016/631Ƙirƙirar lambar hanyar sadarwa akan buƙatun Don Haɗin Grid Na Generators (NC RfG) yana ƙayyadad da buƙatun haɗin grid don kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki kamar na'urorin samar da wutan lantarki, na'urorin yanki na wutar lantarki da na'urorin yanki na ikon teku don cimma tsarin haɗin gwiwa. Daga cikin su, EN 50549-1/-2 shine daidaitaccen tsarin daidaitawa. Ya kamata a lura cewa duk da cewa tsarin ajiyar makamashi bai faɗi cikin iyakokin aikace-aikacen ƙa'idar RFG ba, an haɗa shi cikin iyakokin aikace-aikacen jerin ma'auni na EN 50549. A halin yanzu, tsarin ajiyar makamashi mai haɗin grid wanda ke shiga kasuwar EU gabaɗaya yana buƙatar biyan buƙatun EN 50549-1/-2, da ƙarin buƙatun ƙasashen EU masu dacewa.
Daidaitaccen No. | Suna | Iyakar Aikace-aikacen |
EN 50549-1: 2019+A1: 2023 | (Bukatun don samar da wutar lantarki da aka haɗa a layi daya tare da cibiyoyin sadarwar rarraba - Sashe na 1: Haɗin kai zuwa cibiyoyin rarraba ƙarancin wutar lantarki - Tsirar wutar lantarki na nau'in B da ƙasa) | Abubuwan buƙatun haɗin grid don Nau'in B da ƙasa (800W<power≤6MW) kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki da aka haɗa zuwa cibiyar rarraba ƙarancin wutar lantarki |
EN 50549-2: 2019 | (Bukatun don samar da wutar lantarki da aka haɗa a layi daya tare da cibiyoyin sadarwar rarraba - Kashi na 2: Haɗin kai zuwa cibiyoyin rarraba wutar lantarki na matsakaici - Tsarin wutar lantarki na nau'in B da sama) | Abubuwan haɗin grid don Nau'in B da sama (800W<power≤6MW) kayan samar da wutar lantarki da aka haɗa zuwa cibiyar rarraba wutar lantarki ta matsakaici |
Jamus
A farkon 2000, Jamus ta ba da sanarwarDokar Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa(EEG), da Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi na Makamashi da Ƙwararrun Ruwa na Jamus (BDEW) daga baya sun tsara jagororin haɗin grid na matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki dangane da EEG. Tun da jagororin haɗin grid kawai sun gabatar da buƙatu na gabaɗaya, Ƙarfin Iskar Iskar Jamus da Sauran Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (FGW) daga baya sun tsara jerin matakan fasaha TR1 ~ TR8 bisa EEG. Bayan haka,Jamus fito da wani saboneditionna matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki grid jagorar haɗin gwiwar VDE-AR-N 4110:2018 a cikin 2018 daidai da dokokin EU RFG, maye gurbin ainihin jagorar BDEW.The Samfurin takaddun shaida na wannan jagorar ya ƙunshi sassa uku: gwajin nau'in, kwatancen samfuri kuma takaddun shaida, waɗanda aka aiwatar daidai da ka'idodin TR3, TR4 da TR8 da aka bayar da FGW. Dominbabban ƙarfin lantarkibuƙatun haɗin grid,VDE-AR-N-4120za a bi.
Jagorori | Iyakar Aikace-aikacen |
VDE-AR-N 4105:2018 | Ana amfani da kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki da kayan ajiyar makamashi da aka haɗa da grid mai ƙarancin wuta (≤1kV), ko tare da ƙarfin ƙasa da 135kW. Hakanan ana amfani da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki tare da jimlar ƙarfin 135kW ko sama amma ƙarfin kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki guda ɗaya wanda bai wuce 30kW ba. |
VDE-AR-N 4110:2023 | Ana amfani da kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki, kayan ajiyar makamashi, kayan buƙatun wutar lantarki, da tashoshin cajin abin hawa na lantarki da aka haɗa da grid matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki (1kV< |
VDE-AR-N 4120:2018 | Ana amfani da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, kayan ajiyar makamashi da tashoshi masu cajin abin hawa na lantarki da aka haɗa da grid masu ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki (60kV≤V<150kV). |
Italiya
Hukumar Italiyanci Electrotechnical Commission (COMITATO ELETTROTECNICO ITALIANO, CEI) ta ba da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarancin wutar lantarki, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin wutar lantarki don buƙatun haɗin grid na tsarin makamashi, waɗanda ke dacewa da na'urorin ajiyar makamashi da aka haɗa da tsarin wutar lantarki na Italiya. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi guda biyu a halin yanzu sune buƙatun shigarwa don tsarin adana makamashi mai haɗin grid a Italiya.
Daidaitaccen No. | Suna | Iyakar Aikace-aikacen |
CEI 0-21;V1:2022 | Ka'idodin fasaha na nuni don haɗin masu amfani da aiki da masu amfani zuwa ƙananan wutar lantarki | Mai dacewa ga masu amfani don haɗawa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar rarraba tare da ƙimar ƙarancin wutar lantarki ta AC (≤1kV) |
CEI 0-16:2022 | Sharuɗɗan fasaha don masu aiki da masu amfani don samun damar manyan grid ɗin wutar lantarki na kamfanonin rarrabawa) | Mai dacewa ga masu amfani da aka haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar rarraba tare da ƙimar ƙarfin AC na matsakaici ko babban ƙarfin lantarki (1kV ~ 150kV) |
Sauran kasashen EU
Ba za a fayyace buƙatun haɗin grid na sauran ƙasashen EU ba a nan, kuma za a jera ƙa'idodin takaddun shaida kawai.
Ƙasa | Abubuwan bukatu |
Belgium | C10/11Ƙayyadaddun buƙatun haɗin fasaha na ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin samarwa da ke aiki a layi daya tare da hanyar sadarwar rarraba.
Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun buƙatun fasaha don haɗawa da wuraren samar da kayan aiki masu aiki a layi daya akan hanyar rarraba wutar lantarki |
Romania | ANRE Order no. 30/2013-Technical Norm-Technical Bukatun don haɗa hotunan wutar lantarki zuwa cibiyar sadarwar jama'a; ANRE Order no. 51/2009- Na'urorin fasaha na al'ada-Bukatun fasaha don haɗa tashoshin wutar lantarki zuwa cibiyar sadarwar jama'a;
ANRE Order no. 29/2013-Tsarin Fasaha-Addendum zuwa Bukatun Fasaha don haɗa tashoshin wutar lantarki zuwa cibiyar sadarwar jama'a.
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Switzerland | NA/EEA-CH, Saitunan Ƙasa Switzerland |
Slovenia | SONDO da SONDSEE (Dokokin ƙasar Sloveniya don haɗi da aiki na janareta a cikin hanyar rarrabawa) |
China
Kasar Sin ta fara a makare wajen bunkasa fasahar adana makamashin da ke da alaka da grid. A halin yanzu, ana ƙirƙira da fitar da ƙa'idodi na ƙasa don haɗin tsarin grid ɗin ajiyar makamashi. An yi imanin cewa za a samar da cikakken tsarin daidaitaccen tsarin grid a nan gaba.
Daidaitawa | Suna | Lura |
GB/T 36547-2018 | Dokokin fasaha don haɗa tashoshin wutar lantarki na makamashin lantarki zuwa grid ɗin wuta | GB/T 36547-2024 za a aiwatar a watan Disamba 2024 kuma zai maye gurbin wannan bugu. |
GB/T 36548-2018 | Hanyoyin gwaji don tashoshin wutar lantarki na lantarki da za a haɗa su da grid ɗin wuta | GB/T 36548-2024 za a aiwatar a cikin Janairu 2025 kuma zai maye gurbin wannan bugu. |
GB/T 43526-2023 | Dokokin fasaha don haɗa tsarin ajiyar makamashin makamashi na gefen mai amfani zuwa cibiyar sadarwar rarraba | An aiwatar da shi a cikin Yuli 2024 |
GB/T 44113-2024 | Ƙayyadaddun bayanai don gudanar da haɗin gwiwar grid na tsarin ajiyar makamashin lantarki na gefen mai amfani | An aiwatar da shi a cikin Disamba 2024 |
GB/T XXXX | Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun aminci na gabaɗaya don tsarin grid mai haɗin makamashi | Magana zuwa IEC TS 62933-5-1: 2017 (MOD) |
Takaitawa
Fasahar adana makamashi wani abu ne da babu makawa na sauyawa zuwa samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, kuma amfani da tsarin adana makamashi mai alaka da grid yana kara habaka, ana sa ran zai taka rawar gani a cikin grid na gaba. A halin yanzu, yawancin ƙasashe za su saki daidaitattun buƙatun haɗin grid dangane da ainihin halin da suke ciki. Ga masana'antun tsarin ajiyar makamashi, ya zama dole don fahimtar madaidaicin buƙatun samun damar kasuwa kafin ƙirƙira samfuran, don ƙarin daidai cika ka'idodin ka'idojin wurin fitarwa, rage lokacin binciken samfur, da sauri sanya samfuran cikin kasuwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-14-2024