A halin yanzu, yawancin hatsarori na batura na lithium-ion suna faruwa ne saboda gazawar da'irar kariyar, wanda ke haifar da yanayin zafi na baturi kuma yana haifar da wuta da fashewa.Don haka, don gane amincin amfani da batirin lithium, ƙirar da'irar kariya tana da mahimmanci musamman, kuma kowane nau'in abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawar batirin lithium yakamata a yi la'akari da su.Baya ga tsarin samarwa, gazawar ana haifar da su ta asali ta canje-canje a cikin matsanancin yanayi na waje, kamar yawan caji, yawan fitarwa da zafin jiki.Idan ana lura da waɗannan sigogi a cikin ainihin lokaci kuma za a ɗauki matakan kariya masu dacewa lokacin da suka canza, ana iya guje wa faruwar guduwar thermal.Tsarin aminci na baturin lithium ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa: zaɓin tantanin halitta, ƙirar tsari da ƙirar amincin aiki na BMS.

Zaɓin salula

Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke shafar lafiyar tantanin halitta wanda zaɓin kayan tantanin halitta shine tushe.Saboda kaddarorin sinadarai daban-daban, aminci ya bambanta a cikin kayan cathode daban-daban na baturin lithium.Misali, sinadarin phosphate na lithium iron phosphate ne mai siffar olivine, wanda ba shi da saukin rugujewa.Lithium cobaltate da lithium ternary, duk da haka, tsarin layi ne wanda ke da sauƙin rushewa.Zaɓin mai raba shi ma yana da mahimmanci, saboda aikin sa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da amincin tantanin halitta.Don haka a cikin zaɓin tantanin halitta, ba kawai rahotannin ganowa ba har ma da tsarin samar da masana'anta, kayan aiki da sigoginsu za a yi la'akari da su.

Tsarin tsari

Tsarin tsari na baturi ya fi la'akari da buƙatun rufi da zubar da zafi.

• Abubuwan da ake buƙata na rufi gabaɗaya sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa: Rubutu tsakanin tabbataccen lantarki da mara kyau;Insulation tsakanin tantanin halitta da kewaye;Insulation tsakanin igiya shafuka da shinge;PCB tazarar lantarki da nisa mai rarrafe, ƙirar wayoyi na ciki, ƙirar ƙasa, da sauransu.
• Rarraba zafi musamman don wasu manyan ma'ajiyar makamashi ko batura masu jan hankali.Saboda yawan kuzarin waɗannan batura, zafin da ake samu lokacin caji da fitarwa yana da girma.Idan zafi ba zai iya jurewa cikin lokaci ba, zafi zai taru kuma ya haifar da haɗari.Sabili da haka, zaɓi da ƙira na kayan rufewa (Ya kamata a sami wasu ƙarfin injina da ƙurar ƙura da buƙatun ruwa), zaɓin tsarin sanyaya da sauran ƙarancin zafin jiki na ciki, ɓarkewar zafi da tsarin kashe wuta.

Don zaɓi da aikace-aikacen tsarin sanyaya baturi, da fatan za a koma zuwa fitowar da ta gabata.

Tsarin aminci na aiki

Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da sinadarai sun ƙayyade cewa kayan ba zai iya iyakance ƙarfin caji da fitarwa ba.Da zarar ƙarfin caji da cajin wutar lantarki ya wuce iyakar ƙimar da aka ƙididdige shi, zai haifar da lalacewa marar lalacewa ga baturin lithium.Sabili da haka, ya zama dole don ƙara da'irar kariyar don kula da ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu na cikin tantanin halitta a cikin yanayin al'ada lokacin da baturin lithium ke aiki.Don BMS na batura, ana buƙatar ayyuka masu zuwa:

• Yin caji akan kariyar wutar lantarki: yawan caji yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da guduwar zafi.Bayan da aka yi yawa, kayan cathode zai rushe saboda yawan sakin lithium ion, kuma mummunan electrode kuma zai sami hazo lithium, wanda ke haifar da raguwar kwanciyar hankali na zafi da karuwar halayen gefe, wanda ke da yiwuwar hadarin zafi mai zafi.Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci musamman don yanke halin yanzu a cikin lokaci bayan cajin ya kai matsakaicin iyakar ƙarfin tantanin halitta.Wannan yana buƙatar BMS ya sami aikin yin caji akan kariyar ƙarfin lantarki, ta yadda wutar lantarkin tantanin halitta koyaushe yana kasancewa cikin iyakar aiki.Zai fi kyau ƙarfin ƙarfin kariya ba darajar kewayon ba kuma ya bambanta sosai, saboda yana iya haifar da gazawar baturi a lokacin da ya cika caji, wanda zai haifar da cajin da yawa.Wutar kariyar BMS yawanci ana ƙera shi don zama iri ɗaya ko ƙasa kaɗan fiye da na sama na tantanin halitta.
• Yin caji akan kariyar na yanzu: Yin cajin baturi tare da na yanzu fiye da caji ko iyakar fitarwa na iya haifar da tara zafi.Lokacin da zafi ya tara isa ya narke diaphragm, zai iya haifar da gajeriyar da'ira ta ciki.Don haka caji akan lokaci akan kariyar yanzu shima yana da mahimmanci.Ya kamata mu kula cewa a kan kariya na yanzu ba zai iya zama mafi girma fiye da haƙuri na yanzu a cikin zane ba.
• Fitar da wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin kariyar wutar lantarki: Girman ƙarfin lantarki ko ƙarami zai lalata aikin baturi.Ci gaba da fitarwa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki zai sa jan ƙarfe ya yi hazo kuma mummunan electrode ya rushe, don haka gabaɗaya baturin zai sami fitarwa a ƙarƙashin aikin kariyar ƙarfin lantarki.
• Fitar da kariya ta yanzu: Mafi yawan cajin PCB da fitarwa ta hanyar sadarwa iri ɗaya, a wannan yanayin cajin da kariyar fitarwa na halin yanzu sun daidaita.Amma wasu batura, musamman batura na kayan aikin lantarki, caji mai sauri da sauran nau'ikan batura suna buƙatar amfani da babban fitarwa na yau da kullun ko caji, na yanzu bai dace ba a wannan lokacin, don haka yana da kyau a yi caji da fitarwa cikin madauki biyu.
• Kariyar gajeriyar kewayawa: Gajeren da'ira na baturi shima yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan laifuffuka.Wasu karo, rashin amfani, matsi, buƙatu, shigar ruwa, da sauransu, suna da sauƙin jawo gajeriyar kewayawa.Wani ɗan gajeren kewayawa zai haifar da babban fitarwa na yanzu , yana haifar da haɓakar zafin baturi.A lokaci guda, jerin halayen electrochemical yawanci suna faruwa a cikin tantanin halitta bayan gajeriyar kewayawa ta waje, wanda ke haifar da jerin halayen exothermic.Kariyar gajeriyar kewayawa kuma wani nau'i ne na kariya na yanzu.Amma gajeriyar kewayawa za ta kasance marar iyaka, kuma zafi da cutarwa ba su da iyaka, don haka dole ne kariyar ta kasance mai mahimmanci kuma ana iya kunna ta ta atomatik.Matakan kariyar gajeriyar da'ira gama gari sun haɗa da masu tuntuɓa, fuse, mos, da sauransu.
• Sama da kariyar zafin jiki: Baturin yana kula da yanayin yanayi.Maɗaukaki ko ƙananan zafin jiki zai shafi aikin sa.Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye baturin yana aiki a cikin iyakar zafin jiki.BMS yakamata ya sami aikin kariyar zafin jiki don tsayar da baturin lokacin da zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa.Ana iya ma raba shi zuwa kariyar yanayin caji da kariyar zazzabi, da sauransu.
• Ayyukan daidaitawa: Don littafin rubutu da sauran batura masu yawa, akwai rashin daidaituwa tsakanin sel saboda bambance-bambancen tsarin samarwa.Misali, wasu sel juriya na ciki sun fi wasu girma.Wannan rashin daidaituwa zai kara tsananta a hankali a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin waje.Sabili da haka, wajibi ne a sami aikin sarrafa ma'auni don aiwatar da ma'auni na tantanin halitta.Gabaɗaya akwai nau'ikan ma'auni guda biyu:

1.Passive daidaitawa: Yi amfani da kayan aiki, irin su mai kwatanta ƙarfin lantarki, sannan yi amfani da juriya na zafi don saki ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi mai girma.Amma amfani da makamashi yana da girma, saurin daidaitawa yana jinkirin, kuma ingancin yana da ƙasa.

2.Active daidaitawa: yi amfani da capacitors don adana ikon sel tare da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki kuma ya sake shi zuwa tantanin halitta tare da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki.Koyaya, lokacin da bambance-bambancen matsa lamba tsakanin sel maƙwabta ya yi ƙanƙanta, lokacin daidaitawa yana da tsayi, kuma ana iya saita iyakar ƙarfin ƙarfin daidaitawa da sassauƙa.

Daidaitaccen inganci

A ƙarshe, idan kuna son batir ɗinku sun sami nasarar shiga kasuwannin duniya ko na cikin gida, su ma suna buƙatar cika ka'idoji masu alaƙa don tabbatar da amincin batirin lithium-ion.Daga sel zuwa batura da samfuran masauki yakamata su dace da daidaitattun matakan gwaji.Wannan labarin zai mai da hankali kan buƙatun kariyar baturi na gida don samfuran IT na lantarki.

GB 31241-2022

Wannan ma'auni don baturi ne na na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukuwa.Ya fi la'akari da ma'auni na aminci na 5.2, 10.1 zuwa 10.5 bukatun aminci don PCM, 11.1 zuwa 11.5 bukatun aminci akan tsarin kariyar tsarin (lokacin da baturin kanta ba shi da kariya), 12.1 da 12.2 bukatun don daidaito, da Karin bayani A (don takardu) .

u Shaidar 5.2 na buƙatu na tantanin halitta da sigogin baturi yakamata a daidaita su, wanda za'a iya fahimta kamar yadda ma'aunin aikin baturi bai kamata ya wuce kewayon sel ba.Koyaya, shin ana buƙatar tabbatar da sigogin kariya na baturi cewa sigogin aikin baturi ba su wuce kewayon sel ba?Akwai fahimi daban-daban, amma ta fuskar amincin ƙirar baturi, amsar ita ce e.Misali, madaidaicin cajin halin yanzu na tantanin halitta (ko toshe tantanin halitta) shine 3000mA, matsakaicin aikin batirin bai kamata ya wuce 3000mA ba, kuma yanayin kariya na baturi shima yakamata ya tabbatar da cewa na yanzu a cikin aikin caji bai kamata ya wuce. 3000mA.Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za mu iya karewa da guje wa haɗari.Don ƙirar sigogin kariyar, da fatan za a koma zuwa Karin Bayani A. Yana la'akari da ƙirar siga na tantanin halitta - baturi - mai masaukin baki da ake amfani da shi, wanda ya fi dacewa.

u Don batura masu da'irar kariya, ana buƙatar gwajin aminci na kariya na baturi 10.1 ~ 10.5.Wannan babin ya fi bincikar caji akan kariyar wutar lantarki, caji akan kariya ta yanzu, yin caji ƙarƙashin kariyar wutar lantarki, fitar da kariya ta halin yanzu da kariyar gajeriyar kewayawa.Wadannan an ambata a samaZane na Tsaro na Aikida ainihin bukatun.GB 31241 yana buƙatar dubawa sau 500.

u Idan baturi ba tare da da'irar kariya yana da kariya ta caja ko na'urar ƙarewa, gwajin aminci na 11.1 ~ 11.5 tsarin kariya za a gudanar tare da na'urar kariya ta waje.Ana bincikar ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu da sarrafa zafin jiki na caji da fitarwa.Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa, idan aka kwatanta da batura tare da da'irori masu kariya, batura ba tare da da'irori masu kariya ba zasu iya dogara ne kawai akan kariyar kayan aiki a ainihin amfani.Haɗarin ya fi girma, don haka aiki na yau da kullun da yanayin kuskure guda ɗaya za a gwada daban.Wannan yana tilasta na'urar ta ƙarshe ta sami kariya biyu;in ba haka ba ba zai iya cin jarrabawar a Babi na 11 ba.

u A ƙarshe, idan akwai sel da yawa a cikin baturi, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da yanayin caji mara daidaituwa.Ana buƙatar gwajin yarda da babi na 12.Ma'auni da bambance-bambancen aikin kariyar matsa lamba na PCB ana binciken su ne anan.Ba a buƙatar wannan aikin don batir-cell guda ɗaya.

GB 4943.1-2022

Wannan ma'auni don samfuran AV ne.Tare da karuwar amfani da samfuran lantarki masu amfani da baturi, sabon sigar GB 4943.1-2022 yana ba da takamaiman buƙatu don batura a cikin Karin bayani, kimanta kayan aiki tare da batura da kewayen kariyarsu.Dangane da kimanta da'irar kariyar baturi, an kuma ƙara ƙarin buƙatun aminci don kayan aiki masu ɗauke da batirin lithium na biyu.

u Cibiyar kariyar batirin lithium ta biyu ta fi bincikar cajin da aka yi yawa, yawan fitar da ruwa, cajin baya, cajin tsaro (zazzabi), gajeriyar kariyar da'ira, da sauransu. Ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen duk suna buƙatar kuskure ɗaya a cikin kewayen kariyar.Ba a ambaci wannan buƙatun ba a cikin ma'aunin baturi GB 31241. Don haka a cikin ƙirar aikin kariyar baturi, muna buƙatar haɗa daidaitattun buƙatun baturi da mai watsa shiri.Idan baturin yana da kariya guda ɗaya kawai kuma babu wasu abubuwan da ba a iya amfani da su ba, ko kuma baturin ba shi da kewayen kariya kuma da'irar kariya ta mai gida ce kawai ke ba da ita, ya kamata a haɗa mai masaukin don wannan ɓangaren gwajin.

Kammalawa

A ƙarshe, don tsara baturi mai aminci, ban da zaɓi na kayan da kansa, ƙirar tsarin da ke gaba da ƙirar aminci na aiki daidai suke da mahimmanci.Kodayake ma'auni daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban don samfuran, idan amincin ƙirar baturi za a iya la'akari da shi sosai don biyan buƙatun kasuwanni daban-daban, ana iya rage lokacin jagorar sosai kuma ana iya haɓaka samfurin zuwa kasuwa.Baya ga haɗa dokoki, ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi na ƙasashe da yankuna daban-daban, ya zama dole a ƙirƙira samfuran dangane da ainihin amfani da batura a samfuran tashoshi.