Sawun carbon
Fage da kuma aiwatar daEU's "Sabuwar Dokar Batir”
Dokokin EU akan baturi da sharar gida,kuma aka sani daSabuwar Dokar Batir ta EU, EU ta ba da shawarar a cikin Disamba 2020 don soke umarnin a hankali 2006/66/EC, gyara Dokokin (EU) No 2019/1020, da sabunta dokar batir EU.
Umarnin baturi na yanzu (2006/66/EC), wanda aka buga a cikin 2006, galibi yana saita iyaka akan iyakance ƙima da sanya alama na abubuwa masu cutarwa (mercury, cadmium da gubar) waɗanda ke cikin batir ɗin da aka sanya akan kasuwar EU, amma bai fayyace sauran ayyukan ba. alamomi a matakin samar da baturi, amfani da sake amfani da su. TheSabuwar Dokar Batir yana samar da wannan gazawar, yana ba da shawarar jerin buƙatu don ƙarin dorewa, sake sake yin amfani da su da batura masu aminci, gami da ƙa'idodin sawun carbon, ƙaramin abun ciki na sake yin amfani da su, ƙayyadaddun aiki da ka'idojin dorewa, da sauransu. Ƙarin sawun carbon a cikin wannan gyaran tsarin baturi ya ja hankali musamman daga masana'antun. Kwanan nan, MCM ya sami ɗimbin tambayoyi masu alaƙa da wannan, don haka muna gyarawa da nazarin abun ciki da buƙatun sawun carbon anan don bayanin ku.
Abubuwan buƙatu don sawun carbon
Babi na 7 naSabuwar Dokar Batir game da buƙatun sawun carbon don batir abin hawa na lantarki, motocin haske da batir masana'antu. Batirin abin hawa na lantarki da baturan masana'antu masu caji tare da damar fiye da 2kWh ya kamata a kasance tare da takaddun fasaha. Kowane samfurin baturi da kowane rukunin masana'anta ya kamata su sami bayanin sawun carbon, gami da:
(a) Bayani game da masana'anta;
(b) Takaddun bayanai kan nau'in baturin da sanarwar ta shafi;
(c) Bayani kan wurin yanki na wuraren samar da baturi;
(d) Sawun carbon na yanayin rayuwar batir yana cikin kilogiram na CO2 daidai;
(e) Sawun carbon na baturi a kowane mataki na zagayowar rayuwarsa;
(f) Lambar gano baturin EU shelar daidaito
Hanyar lissafi na sawun carbon
Ana ba da hanyoyin lissafin sawun carbon a shafi na II naSabuwar Dokar Batir. Akwai iri uku:
1) Sawun Muhalli (PEF)
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013H0179&from=EN
2) Dokokin Rubutun Sawun Muhalli (PEFCRs)
https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/environmental-footprint-methods_en
3) Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa da ci gaban fasaha a fagen tantance zagayowar rayuwa
Ya kamata a lissafta yanayin sawun carbon ɗin rayuwa a bisa lissafin kayan aiki, makamashi da kayan taimako da ake amfani da su don samar da wani nau'in baturi a wata shuka. Musamman kayan aikin lantarki (kamar rukunin sarrafa baturi, rukunin aminci) da ingantattun kayan lantarki sune manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga sawun carbon na batura. Bayanin sawun carbon ya kamata ya kasance don nau'in baturin da aka samar a takamaiman wurin samarwa. Canje-canje a cikin lissafin kayan ko haɗin makamashin da aka yi amfani da su na buƙatar sabon lissafin sawun carbon na ƙirar baturi.
Ƙididdiga aikin sawun carbon
Dangane da rarraba sawun carbon da aka ayyana ƙimar baturi a kasuwa, za a ƙaddara ƙimar aikin sawun carbon don cimma bambancin kasuwa. Rukuni A shine mafi kyawun nau'in tare da mafi ƙarancin tasirin sawun carbon. Hukumar za ta tantance matsakaicin madaidaicin madaurin sawun carbon na tsawon rayuwa don batirin masana'antu tare da karfin sama da 2kWh dangane da ƙimar aikin. A lokacin, batura waɗanda suka wuce madaidaicin sawun carbon ba za a iya fitar da su zuwa EU ba.
Kwanan watan aiwatar da sawun carbon
²Daga Yuli 1, 2024, za a buƙaci batura masu motocin lantarki, batir abin hawa masu sauƙi da batir masana'antu don bayyana sawun carbon ɗin su;
²Daga Janairu 1, 2025, batirin abin hawa na lantarki, batir abin hawa mai sauƙi da batir masana'antu zasu buƙaci ƙimar aikin sawun carbon;
(Hukumar Turai za ta buga hanyar tantancewa ta 31 Disamba 2024)
²Daga Yuli 1, 2027, batirin abin hawa na lantarki, batir abin hawa mai sauƙi da batir masana'antu masu ƙarfi sama da 2kWh za a buƙaci su sami matsakaicin madaidaicin matakin sawun carbon na tsawon rayuwa.
(Hukumar Turai za ta ba da madaidaicin sawun carbon nan da Yuli 1, 2025)
Carbon jadawalin kuɗin fito
Takaitaccen gabatarwa
Kayan Gyaran Iyakar Carbon(CBAM) farashi ne na musamman akan hayakin carbon dioxide akan samfuran da aka shigo da su, wanda kuma aka sani da harajin daidaita iyakokin carbon. A cikin 2021, don cimma burin rage hayakin carbon da kashi 55% nan da shekarar 2030, EU ta gabatar daFit don 55, jerin daftarin doka ciki har da harajin carbon.
Iyakar aikace-aikace
CBAM ya rufe filayen karfe, siminti, taki, aluminum da wutar lantarki, sunadarai (hydrogen, ammonia, ruwan ammonia) da polymers (kayan filastik). An kebe wasu kasashe ko yankuna daga harajin da suka dace, musamman wadanda suka hada da kasashe ko yankuna da ba na EU ba, wadanda suka shiga tsarin ciniki na fitar da hayaki na EU, ko kasashe da yankuna da suka amince da tsarin cinikin hayaki na EU, amma ban da kasar Sin.
Batun haraji
Batun haraji na CBAM shine mai shigo da kaya a cikin EU.Ana buƙatar masu shigo da kaya su yi rajista tare da ikon gudanarwa na EU CBAM kuma suna iya shigo da samfuran da suka dace kawai bayan amincewa. Mai zuwa shine tsarin lissafin farashi:
Kudin CBAM = farashin carbon kowace raka'a (EUR/ton) x iskar carbon (ton)
Fitar Carbon (ton) =carbon watsin ƙarfi × adadin samfur (tons)
Lokacin canzawa
CBAM za ta fara aikin gwaji a watan Oktoba na wannan shekara. Lokaci daga 2023 zuwa 2026 zai zama matakin aikin gwaji na wucin gadi na CBAM. A lokacin mika mulki, masu shigo da kayayyaki na EU za su bukaci gabatar da bayanan fitar da hayaki kwata kwata (bayani kan jimillar yawan kayayyakin da aka shigo da su cikin kwata, iskar carbon kai tsaye da kaikaice na kayayyakin da aka shigo da su, farashin iskar carbon da aka biya ta kayayyakin da aka shigo da su a kasar ta asali, da sauransu) kuma ba za a buƙaci biyan kuɗin kuɗin carbon akan kayayyakin da ake shigo da su ba. Daga 2027 zuwa gaba, za a buƙaci masu shigo da EU su gabatar da daidai adadin takaddun shaidar lantarki na CBAM, wato, za a sanya harajin carbon.
Bayanan kula: 1. Kai tsaye iskar carbon: Fitar da samfur yayin samarwa a ƙarƙashin ikon kai tsaye na mai samarwa.
2. Fitar da iskar carbon kai tsaye: Fitar da wutar lantarki ke haifarwa yayin samar da samfur.
EU CBAM tana amfani da duk hanyar rayuwa don auna fitar da iskar carbon. Idan kamfani ba zai iya ƙididdigewa daidai ba, tsohowar ƙarfin iskar carbon shine matsakaicin ƙarfin iskar carbon mafi ƙarancin aikin iskar carbon (kasa 10%) nakamfanoni samar da nau'ikan kayayyaki iri ɗaya a cikin ƙasar da ake fitarwa. Idan kamfanin bai samar da bayanai kan hayakin carbon ba, za a yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙarfin carbon na mafi ƙanƙanta masu fitar da iskar carbon (kasa 5%) na kamfanonin da ke samar da nau'ikan samfuran iri ɗaya a cikin EU.
Kammalawa
Sawun carbon yana gudana cikin duk tsawon rayuwar batirin, wanda ya haɗa da albarkatun ƙasa, samarwa, sarkar samarwa, aikace-aikace da sake amfani da su. EU taSabuwar Dokar Batir da kuɗin fito na carbon suna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga hayakin carbon na samfuran, kuma suna yin ƙarin ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu masu tsauri don sanarwar sawun carbon batir, ƙimar aiki da ƙofa, da kayan da aka sake fa'ida. A halin yanzu, masana'antar batir na kasar Sin ba su da cikakkiyar ma'auni da hanyoyin lissafin sawun carbon sawun, kuma bayanan sawun carbon ɗin baturi a zahiri babu komai. Ko sanarwar bayanan sawun carbon na farko, ko ƙimar sawun carbon na gaba da ka'idojin kofa za su kawo ƙalubale ga farashin tallace-tallace da fitarwar samfur. Yanzu akwai wasu kamfanonin batir na cikin gida sun ƙaddamar da samfuran sifilin carbon, shagunan sifiri, masana'antar sifiri. Sauran kamfanoni kuma suna buƙatar fahimtar kan lokaci da kuma biyan buƙatun ƙa'idodin EU da wuri-wuri, don tabbatar da cewa fitar da batura da sauran samfuran zuwa EU sun bi ka'idodin.
Wata-wata mai zuwa zai kawo muku fassarar abubuwan da ake iya sake amfani da su na batura a Babi na 8 na EU's Sabuwar Dokar Batir: batura masu ɗaukar nauyi, batura masu ɗaukar haske, batir masana'antu, batir abin hawa na lantarki da batura masu motoci.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-08-2023