Fage

Canjin wutar lantarki na abin hawa yana nufin maye gurbin baturin wutar lantarki don cike wutar da sauri, magance matsalar jinkirin caji da iyakancewar tashoshin caji. Mai ba da wutar lantarki yana sarrafa baturin ta hanyar haɗin kai, wanda ke taimakawa wajen tsara wutar lantarki bisa hankali, tsawaita rayuwar baturin, da sauƙaƙe sake yin amfani da baturi. Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta fito da Maɓallan Maɓalli na Daidaita Motoci a cikin Shekarar 2022 a cikin Maris 2022, wanda kuma ya ambaci buƙatu don haɓaka aikin caji da maye gurbin tsarin da ƙa'idodi.

Matsayin ci gaban maye gurbin wutar lantarki

A halin yanzu, yanayin sauya wutar lantarki ya kasance ana amfani da shi sosai kuma an haɓaka shi, kuma fasahar ta sami ci gaba sosai. An yi amfani da wasu sabbin fasahohi zuwa tashar wutar lantarki, kamar sauya wutar lantarki ta atomatik da sabis na fasaha. Kasashe da yankuna da dama a duniya sun amince da fasahar sauya batir, inda kasashen Sin, Japan, Amurka da sauran kasashe suka fi amfani da su. Da yawa masu kera batir da masu kera motoci sun fara shiga masana'antar, kuma wasu kamfanoni sun fara gwaji da haɓakawa a aikace.

Tun a farkon 2014, Tesla ya ƙaddamar da tashar maye gurbin batirin kansa, yana ba masu amfani da sabis na maye gurbin baturi mai sauri don cimma doguwar tafiya a kan babbar hanya. Ya zuwa yanzu, Tesla ya kafa fiye da tashoshi 20 na maye gurbin wutar lantarki a California da sauran wurare. Wasu kamfanonin kasar Holland sun gabatar da hanyoyin samar da mafita bisa ga saurin caji da fasahar maye gurbin baturi a karon farko. A sa'i daya kuma, Singapore, Amurka, Sweden, Jordan da sauran kasashe da yankuna sun samar da ingantacciyar ci gaba da manyan tashoshin maye gurbin wutar lantarki.

Kamfanoni da dama a fannin sabbin motocin makamashi da suka jawo hankulan jama'a sosai a kasar Sin sun fara mai da hankali da kuma yin nazari kan yadda ake yin kasuwanci na samfurin maye gurbin wutar lantarki. Yanayin sauya wutar lantarki da NIO, sanannen mai kera sabbin motocin makamashi ne na cikin gida, yanayi ne na musamman, wanda ke ba mai shi damar maye gurbin baturi da cikakken baturi a cikin mintuna 3.

A fagen jigilar jama'a, yanayin canjin wutar lantarki ya fi yawa. Misali, Ningde Times ta hada kai da gundumar Nanshan ta Shenzhen wajen samar da batir motocin bas masu amfani da wutar lantarki guda 500, tare da gina tashoshi 30 masu sauya wutar lantarki. Jingdong ya gina fiye da tashoshi 100 na maye gurbin wutar lantarki a biranen Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen da sauran biranen kasar, tare da samar da ayyukan maye gurbin batir cikin sauri da dacewa ga motocin sarrafa kayayyaki.

Amfani da tsarin maye gurbin wutar lantarki

A wannan matakin, manyan hanyoyin maye gurbin wutar lantarki akan kasuwa sune maye gurbin wutar lantarki, maye gurbi na gaba / maye gurbin wuta da bangon bangon gefe.

• CSauya wutar hassis yana nufin hanyar da za a cire asalin fakitin baturi daga kasan chassis tare da maye gurbin sabon fakitin baturi, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi a fagen motoci, SUV, MPV da motocin kayan aiki masu haske, kuma galibi suna amfani da su BAIC, NIO, Tesla da sauransu. Wannan makirci yana da sauƙi don cimmawa yayin da lokacin maye gurbin baturi ya kasance gajere kuma matakin sarrafa kansa yana da girma, amma yana buƙatar gina sabon tashar maye gurbin wutar lantarki da kuma ƙara sabon kayan maye gurbin wuta.
• Gidan gaba/masanin wutar baya yana nufin cewa an shirya fakitin baturi a cikin gidan gaba/baya na motar, ta buɗe ɗakin gaban / akwati don cirewa da maye gurbin sabon fakitin baturi. Ana amfani da wannan tsari a fannin motoci, wanda a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi a Lifan, SKIO da sauransu. Wannan makirci baya buƙatar sabon kayan maye gurbin wutar lantarki, kuma yana gane maye gurbin wutar lantarki ta hanyar aikin hannu na makamai na inji. Farashin yana da ƙasa, amma yana buƙatar mutane biyu suyi aiki tare, wanda ke ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kuma ba shi da inganci.
• Canja wutar bangon gefe yana nufin ana cire fakitin baturi daga gefe kuma a maye gurbinsa da sabon fakitin baturi, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi a fagen motocin fasinja da manyan motoci, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin koci. A cikin wannan makirci, shimfidar baturi shine mafi dacewa, amma bangon gefen yana buƙatar buɗewa, wanda zai shafi bayyanar abin hawa.

Matsalolin da suka wanzu

• Fakitin baturi iri-iri: Fakitin baturi da ake amfani da su a motocin lantarki a kasuwa sune baturan lithium-ion na ternary, batir phosphate na lithium iron phosphate, batir sodium-ion, da dai sauransu. Fasahar sauya wutar lantarki tana buƙatar dacewa da nau'ikan baturi fakitin.
• Wahalar wutar lantarki: fakitin baturi na kowane abin hawa na lantarki ya bambanta, kuma tashar maye gurbin wutar lantarki yana buƙatar cimma daidaiton wutar lantarki. Wato a samar wa kowace motar lantarki da ke shiga tashar da baturin da ya dace da karfin da yake bukata. Bugu da kari, tashar wutar lantarki na bukatar dacewa da nau'o'i da nau'ikan motocin lantarki daban-daban, wanda kuma ke haifar da kalubale ga fahimtar fasaha da sarrafa farashi.
• Abubuwan da suka shafi tsaro: Fakitin baturi yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin motocin lantarki, kuma tashar sauya wutar lantarki na motocin lantarki yana buƙatar yin aiki akan yanayin tabbatar da amincin fakitin baturi.
• Babban farashin kayan aiki: Tashoshi masu maye gurbin wutar lantarki suna buƙatar siyan manyan adadin fakitin baturi da kayan maye, farashin yana da girma.

Domin bayar da wasa ga fa'idar fasahar maye gurbin mai iko, ya zama dole a cimma nasarar haɗi na kunshin batir iri daban-daban na fakitin baturi, kuma sarrafa ikon duniya na fakitin wutan lantarki, sarrafawa da kayan sadarwa. Don haka, ƙirƙira da haɗin kai na matakan maye gurbin wutar lantarki na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar haɓaka fasahar maye gurbin wutar lantarki a nan gaba.