Amincin batirin lithium ya kasance damuwa koyaushe a cikin masana'antar. Saboda tsarinsu na musamman da kuma hadadden yanayin aiki, da zarar hatsarin gobara ya afku, zai haifar da lalacewar kayan aiki, asarar dukiya, har ma da hasarar rayuka. Bayan wutar baturin lithium ya faru, zubar da shi yana da wuya, yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da samar da adadi mai yawa na iskar gas. Don haka, kashe gobara a kan kari zai iya sarrafa yaɗuwar wutar yadda ya kamata, da guje wa ƙonawa mai yawa, da kuma ba da ƙarin lokaci don ma'aikata su tsere.
A lokacin aikin gudu na thermal na batirin lithium-ion, hayaki, wuta, har ma da fashewa yakan faru. Don haka, sarrafa yanayin gudu da matsalar yaɗuwar zafi ya zama babban ƙalubale da samfuran batirin lithium ke fuskanta yayin amfani. Zaɓin fasahar kashe wutar da ta dace na iya hana ci gaba da yaɗuwar yanayin zafi na baturi, wanda ke da matukar mahimmanci don murkushe faruwar gobara.
Wannan labarin zai gabatar da na'urorin kashe gobara na yau da kullun da hanyoyin kashe wuta a halin yanzu da ake samu a kasuwa, da kuma nazarin fa'ida da rashin amfani na nau'ikan kashe gobara daban-daban.
Nau'in Kayan Kashe Wuta
A halin yanzu, na'urorin kashe gobarar da ke kasuwa an raba su zuwa na'urorin kashe gobarar iskar gas, na'urorin kashe gobarar ruwa, da na'urorin kashe gobarar iska, da busassun kashe gobara. A ƙasa akwai gabatarwa ga lambobi da halaye na kowane nau'in kashe wuta.
Perfluorohexane: An jera Perfluorohexane a cikin lissafin PFAS na OECD da US EPA. Saboda haka, yin amfani da perfluorohexane a matsayin wakili na kashe wuta ya kamata ya bi dokokin gida da ka'idoji da sadarwa tare da hukumomin kula da muhalli. Tun da samfurori na perfluorohexane a cikin bazuwar thermal sune iskar gas, bai dace da dogon lokaci, babban kashi, ci gaba da fesawa ba. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi a hade tare da tsarin feshin ruwa.
Trifluoromethane:Ma'aikatan Trifluoromethane ƴan masana'antun ne kawai ke samarwa, kuma babu takamaiman ƙa'idodin ƙasa waɗanda ke daidaita irin wannan nau'in wakili na kashe wuta. Kudin kulawa yana da yawa, don haka ba a ba da shawarar amfani da shi ba.
Hexafluoropropane:Wannan wakili mai kashewa yana da saurin lalata na'urori ko kayan aiki yayin amfani da shi, kuma yuwuwar dumamar yanayi (GWP) tana da girma. Saboda haka, hexafluoropropane za a iya amfani da shi azaman wakili mai kashe wuta na wucin gadi.
Heptafluoropropane:Sakamakon tasirin greenhouse, a hankali a hankali kasashe daban-daban suna hana shi kuma zai fuskanci kawar da shi. A halin yanzu, an dakatar da jami'an heptafluoropropane, wanda zai haifar da matsaloli a cikin sake cika tsarin heptafluoropropane na yanzu yayin kulawa. Don haka, ba a ba da shawarar amfani da shi ba.
Inert Gas:Ciki har da IG 01, IG 100, IG 55, IG 541, daga cikinsu akwai IG 541 da aka fi amfani da shi kuma an amince da shi a matsayin wakili na kashe wuta na kore da muhalli. Duk da haka, yana da rashin lahani na tsadar gine-gine, babban buƙatun gas cylinders, da kuma babban aikin sararin samaniya.
Wakilin Tushen Ruwa:Ana amfani da na'urorin kashe wuta masu kyau na ruwa mai kyau, kuma suna da sakamako mafi kyau na sanyaya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ruwa yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin zafi, wanda zai iya ɗaukar zafi mai yawa cikin sauri, sanyaya abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi a cikin baturi kuma don haka hana ƙarin zafin zafi. Koyaya, ruwa yana haifar da babbar illa ga batura kuma baya rufewa, yana haifar da gajerun da'irar baturi.
Aerosol:Saboda abokantaka na muhalli, rashin guba, ƙarancin farashi, da sauƙin kulawa, aerosol ya zama babban wakili na kashe wuta. Koyaya, zaɓaɓɓen aerosol yakamata ya bi ka'idodin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da dokokin gida da ƙa'idodi, kuma ana buƙatar takaddun samfuran ƙasa na gida. Koyaya, aerosols ba su da ikon sanyaya, kuma yayin aikace-aikacen su, zafin baturi ya kasance mai girma. Bayan wakilin kashe gobara ya daina fitowa, baturin yana da wuyar yin mulki.
Tasirin Kashe Wuta
Babban dakin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyyar wuta na jihar a jami'ar kimiyya da fasaha ta kasar Sin ya gudanar da wani bincike inda ya kwatanta illar kashe gobarar ABC busasshen foda, da heptafluoropropane, da ruwa, da perfluorohexane, da CO2 na kashe wuta a kan batirin lithium-ion mai lamba 38A.
Kwatanta Tsarin Kashe Wuta
ABC bushe foda, heptafluoropropane, ruwa, da perfluorohexane duk na iya kashe wutar baturi da sauri ba tare da mulki ba. Koyaya, masu kashe wuta na CO2 ba za su iya kashe wutar batir yadda ya kamata ba kuma yana iya haifar da mulki.
Kwatanta Sakamakon Kashe Wuta
Bayan gudun hijirar thermal, halayen batirin lithium a ƙarƙashin aikin kashe gobara za a iya kasu kusan zuwa matakai uku: matakin sanyaya, matakin hawan zafin jiki mai sauri, da matakin raguwar zafin jiki.
Matakin farkoshine matakin sanyaya, inda zafin saman baturi ya ragu bayan an saki wuta. Wannan ya faru ne saboda dalilai guda biyu:
- Fitar da baturi: Kafin guduwar zafi na batir lithium-ion, adadi mai yawa na alkanes da iskar CO2 sun taru a cikin baturin. Lokacin da baturin ya kai iyakar matsa lamba, bawul ɗin aminci yana buɗewa, yana fitar da iskar gas mai ƙarfi. Wannan gas yana aiwatar da abubuwa masu aiki a cikin baturin yayin da kuma yana samar da wani sakamako mai sanyaya ga baturin.
- Tasirin kashe wuta: Sakamakon sanyaya na kashe wutar ya fito ne daga sassa biyu: ɗaukar zafi yayin canjin lokaci da tasirin keɓancewar sinadarai. Canjin yanayin zafi yana kawar da zafin da baturi ke samarwa kai tsaye, yayin da tasirin keɓancewar sinadarai a kaikaice yana rage haɓakar zafi ta hanyar katse halayen sinadarai. Ruwa yana da mafi mahimmancin sakamako mai sanyaya saboda ƙarfin zafi na musamman, yana ba shi damar ɗaukar zafi mai yawa cikin sauri. Perfluorohexane ya biyo baya, yayin da HFC-227ea, CO2, da ABC busassun foda ba su nuna tasirin sanyaya mai mahimmanci ba, wanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin da tsarin wutar lantarki.
Mataki na biyu shine saurin hawan zafin jiki, inda zafin baturin ke tashi da sauri daga mafi ƙarancin ƙimarsa zuwa kololuwar sa. Tunda masu kashe wuta ba za su iya dakatar da halayen bazuwar a cikin baturin gaba ɗaya ba, kuma galibin masu kashe wuta suna da mummunan tasirin sanyaya, zafin baturin yana nuna yanayin sama na kusan a tsaye don nau'ikan kashe wuta daban-daban. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, zafin baturin yana tashi zuwa kololuwar sa.
A wannan mataki, akwai babban bambanci a cikin tasirin abubuwan kashe wuta daban-daban wajen hana tashin zafin baturi. Tasiri a cikin tsari mai saukowa shine ruwa> perfluorohexane> HFC-227ea> ABC bushe foda> CO2. Lokacin da zafin baturin ya tashi a hankali, yana ba da ƙarin lokacin amsawa don gargaɗin wutan baturi da ƙarin lokacin amsawa ga masu aiki.
Kammalawa
- CO2: Masu kashe wuta kamar CO2, waɗanda ke aiki da farko ta hanyar shaƙewa da keɓewa, suna da mummunan tasirin hanawa akan wutar baturi. A cikin wannan binciken, munanan al'amura na mulki sun faru tare da CO2, wanda ya sa bai dace da gobarar baturin lithium ba.
- ABC Dry Powder / HFC-227ea: ABC busassun foda da HFC-227ea masu kashe wuta, waɗanda ke aiki da farko ta hanyar keɓancewa da lalata sinadarai, na iya hana sassan sarkar da ke cikin baturi zuwa ɗan lokaci. Suna da ɗan ƙaramin tasiri fiye da CO2, amma tunda ba su da tasirin sanyaya kuma ba za su iya toshe halayen ciki gaba ɗaya a cikin baturin ba, har yanzu zafin batirin yana tashi da sauri bayan an fitar da kashe wuta.
- Perfluorohexane: Perfluorohexane ba wai kawai yana toshe halayen batir na ciki ba har ma yana ɗaukar zafi ta hanyar vaporization. Don haka, tasirin sa na hanawa akan gobarar baturi ya fi sauran masu kashe wuta.
- Ruwa: Daga cikin duk abubuwan kashe wuta, ruwa yana da mafi kyawun tasirin kashe wuta. Wannan shi ne yafi saboda ruwa yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin zafi, yana ba shi damar ɗaukar zafi mai yawa cikin sauri. Wannan yana kwantar da abubuwa masu aiki marasa ƙarfi a cikin baturin, don haka yana hana ƙarin hawan zafin jiki. Koyaya, ruwa yana haifar da babbar illa ga batura kuma ba shi da tasirin rufewa, don haka amfani da shi yakamata ya yi taka tsantsan.
Me Ya Kamata Mu Zaba?
Mun bincika tsarin kariyar wuta da masana'antun tsarin ajiyar makamashi da yawa ke amfani da su a halin yanzu a kasuwa, da farko suna amfani da hanyoyin kashe wuta masu zuwa:
- Perfluorohexane + Ruwa
- Aerosol + Ruwa
Ana iya ganin hakasynergistic kashe gobara jamiái sune al'amuran yau da kullun na masana'antun batirin lithium. Ɗaukar Perfluorohexane + Ruwa a matsayin misali, Perfluorohexane na iya kashe wuta cikin sauri, yana sauƙaƙe hulɗar hazo mai kyau tare da baturi, yayin da hazo mai kyau na iya kwantar da shi sosai. Ayyukan haɗin gwiwar yana da ingantattun tasirin kashe wuta da sanyaya idan aka kwatanta da yin amfani da wakili guda ɗaya na kashe wuta. A halin yanzu, Sabuwar Dokar Batir ta EU tana buƙatar alamun baturi na gaba don haɗawa da abubuwan kashe gobara. Masu masana'anta kuma suna buƙatar zaɓar wakilin da ya dace na kashe gobara dangane da samfuran su, ƙa'idodin gida, da inganci.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-31-2024