Standard ANSI / CAN / UL / ULC 2271-2023 edition, da ake ji wa baturi aminci gwajin for Light Electric Vehicle (LEV), an buga a watan Satumba 2023 don maye gurbin tsohon misali na 2018 version. Wannan sabon siga na daidaitattun yana da canje-canje a cikin ma'anar , tsarin buƙatun, da buƙatun gwaji.

Canje-canje a cikin ma'anar

• Ƙarin Ma'anar Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi (BMS):Da'irar sarrafa baturi tare da na'urorin kariya masu aiki waɗanda ke sa ido da kiyaye sel a cikin ƙayyadaddun yankin aikinsu: kuma wanda ke hana wuce gona da iri, yawan zafin jiki, yanayin zafi da matsanancin yanayin sel.
• Ƙarin Ma'anar Babur Lantarki: Motar lantarki da ke da wurin zama ko sirdi don amfani da mahayin kuma an ƙera ta don yin tafiya a kan ƙafafun da bai wuce uku ba a cikin hulɗa da groud, amma ban da tarakta.Ana nufin babur mai amfani da wutar lantarki don amfani da shi akan titunan jama'a ciki har da manyan tituna.
• Ƙarin ma'anar Scooter na Lantarki: Na'urar da ke yin nauyi ƙasa da fam ɗari wanda:

a) Yana da sanduna, allon bene ko wurin zama wanda mai aiki zai iya tsayawa ko ya zauna dashi, da injin lantarki;

b) Za'a iya kunna wutar lantarki da / ko ikon ɗan adam;kuma

c) Yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin gudun da bai wuce 20mph akan shimfidar matakin da aka shimfida ba lokacin da injin lantarki kawai ke aiki dashi.

Gyaran misalan LEV: An cire babur ɗin lantarki kuma an ƙara motocin jirage marasa matuƙa (UAV).

• Ƙarin Ma'anar Na'urar E-Motsi ta Keɓaɓɓen: Ƙaƙwalwar motsi na mabukaci wanda aka yi niyya don mahayi guda ɗaya tare da cajin motar lantarki wanda ke daidaitawa da motsa mahayin, kuma ana iya samar da whcih tare da abin riƙewa yayin hawa.Wannan na'urar na iya ko a'a ta daidaita kanta.
• Ƙarin ma'anoni na Kariya na Farko na Farko, Kariyar Tsaro ta Farko, Na'urorin Kariya masu Aiki, da na'urorin kariya masu wucewa.
• Ƙarin ma'anar sel na Sodium ion: Kwayoyin da suka yi kama da ginin da ƙwayoyin lithium ion sai dai suna amfani da sodium a matsayin ion na sufuri tare da ingantacciyar electrode wanda ya ƙunshi mahadi na sodium, da carbon ko irin wannan anode mai ruwa ko mara ruwa. da kuma tare da wani fili sodium gishiri narkar da a cikin electrolyte.(Misalan sodium ion Kwayoyin su ne Prussian Blue Kwayoyin ko miƙa mulki karfe Layered oxide Kwayoyin)

Canje-canje a cikin buƙatun tsari

Ƙarfe Juriya ga Lalacewa

1.Mental lantarki makamashi ajiya taro (EESA) enlosures zai zama lalata resistant.Za a yi la'akari da shingen ƙarfe da aka yi da abubuwa masu zuwa don biyan buƙatun juriya na lalata:

Copper, aluminum, ko bakin karfe;kuma

b) Bronze ko tagulla, ko wanne daga cikinsu yana dauke da akalla 80% jan karfe.

2.Ƙarin buƙatun juriya na lalata don shingen ƙarfe:

Za a kiyaye shingen ƙarfe don aikace-aikacen cikin gida daga lalata ta hanyar enameling, zanen, galvanizing, ko sauran makamancin haka.Wuraren ƙarfe don aikace-aikacen waje za su bi gwajin feshin gishiri na sa'o'i 600 a cikin CSA C22.2 No. 94.2 / UL 50E.Ƙarin hanyoyin don cimma kariyar lalata bisa ga CSA C22.2 No. 94.2 / UL 50E za a iya karɓa.

Matakan Insulation da Kariya

Ana iya ƙididdige bin tsarin ƙasa mai karewa bisa ga sabon kayan gwajin fasaha na wannan ma'aunin - gwajin ci gaba da ƙasa.

Binciken Tsaro

1.Ƙarin misalai na bincike na aminci.Binciken amincin tsarin dole ne ya tabbatar da waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba su da haɗari.Za a yi la'akari da waɗannan sharuɗɗa a ƙaƙƙarfan, amma ba'a iyakance ga:

a) Ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki da ƙananan ƙarfin baturi;

b) Batir fiye da zafin jiki da yanayin zafi;kuma

c) Yanayin cajin baturi da yanayin fitarwa.

2.Modification na aminci kariya na'urar (hardware) bukatun:

a) Yanayin Farilure da Binciken Tasiri (FMEA) a cikin UL 991;

b) Kariya Daga Laifin Cikin Gida don Tabbatar da Buƙatun Tsaro na Aiki a cikin UL 60730-1 ko CSA E60730-1 (Layin H.27.1.2);ko

c) Kariya Daga Laifi don Tabbatar da Buƙatun Tsaro na Aiki (Buƙatun Class B) a cikin CSA C22.2 No.0.8 (Sashe na 5.5) don ƙayyade yarda da gano gwaje-gwajen da suka wajaba don tabbatar da haƙurin kuskure guda ɗaya.

3.Gyara buƙatun aminci protectin doevide (software):

a) UL 1998;

b) Bukatun Class B na Software na CSA C22.2 No.0.8;ko

c) Abubuwan Amfani da Buƙatun Software (Buƙatun Class B Software) a cikin UL 60730-1 (Clause H.11.12) ko CSA E60730-1.

4.Ƙarin buƙatun BMS don kariyar tantanin halitta.

Idan an dogara da su don kiyaye ƙwayoyin sel a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakokin aiki nasu, tsarin sarrafa baturi (BMS) zai kula da sel a cikin ƙayyadadden ƙarfin lantarki da iyakoki na yanzu don kariya daga wuce gona da iri da fitarwa.BMS kuma za ta kula da sel a cikin ƙayyadadden iyakokin zafin jiki waɗanda ke ba da kariya daga zafi fiye da kima da kuma ƙarƙashin aikin zafin jiki.Lokacin da ake bitar da'irori na aminci don sanin cewa ana kiyaye iyakokin yankin aiki na tantanin halitta, za a yi la'akari da juriyar da'irar/bangaren kariya a cikin kimantawa.Abubuwan da aka haɗa kamar fis, masu watsewar kewayawa ko wasu na'urori da sassa da aka ƙayyade waɗanda suka dace don aikin da aka yi niyya na tsarin baturi waɗanda ake buƙatar samarwa a ƙarshen amfani da LEV, za a gano su a cikin umarnin shigarwa.

Ƙarin buƙatun kewayawa na kariya.

Idan an wuce ƙayyadaddun iyakokin aiki, da'irar tsaro za ta iyakance ko rufe caji ko fitarwa don hana balaguron balaguro sama da iyakokin aiki.Lokacin da wani lamari mai haɗari ya faru, tsarin zai ci gaba da samar da aikin aminci ko je zuwa amintaccen jiha (SS) ko ƙasa da aka magance (RA).Idan aikin tsaro ya lalace, tsarin zai kasance a cikin aminci ko yanayin da ake magana game da haɗari har sai an dawo da aikin tsaro kuma an ga tsarin zai iya aiki.

Ƙarin buƙatun EMC.

Ƙaƙƙarfan da'irori na jihohi da sarrafa software, waɗanda aka dogara da su azaman kariyar aminci ta farko, za a ƙididdige su kuma a gwada su don tabbatar da rigakafi na lantarki daidai da Gwajin Immunity na Electromagnetic na UL 1973 idan ba a gwada su azaman ɓangare na ƙimar ƙimar aminci mai aiki ba.

Cell

1.Addition na buƙatun ga Sodium ion Kwayoyin.Kwayoyin ion sodium za su bi ka'idodin sel ion sodium na UL/ULC 2580 (daidai da aiki da buƙatun buƙatun don ƙwayoyin lithium na biyu a cikin UL/ULC 2580), gami da yarda da duk gwaje-gwajen aiki don sel.

2.Ƙarin buƙatun don ƙwayoyin da aka sake dawowa.Baturi da tsarin batir da ke amfani da sel da batura da aka sake su za su tabbatar da cewa sassan da aka dawo da su sun wuce tsari mai karbuwa don sakewa daidai da UL 1974.

Gwajin Canje-canje

Gwajin karin caji

• Ƙarin abin da ake buƙata lokacin gwaji, za a auna ƙarfin lantarki na sel.
• Ƙarin abin da ake buƙata idan BMS ya rage cajin halin yanzu zuwa ƙananan bawul kusa da ƙarshen lokacin caji, za a caje samfurin tare da rage cajin halin yanzu har sai sakamako na ƙarshe ya faru.
• Share abin da ake buƙata idan na'urar kariya a cikin kewayawa ta kunna, za a sake maimaita gwajin na aƙalla mintuna 10 a kashi 90% na wurin tafiya na na'urar kariya ko kuma a wani kaso na wurin tafiya wanda ke ba da damar caji.
• Ƙarin buƙatun cewa sakamakon gwajin cajin da ya wuce kima, matsakaicin ƙarfin caji da aka auna akan sel bazai wuce yankin aikinsu na yau da kullun ba.

caji mai girma

• Ƙarin Gwajin Cajin Maɗaukaki (Buƙatun gwaji iri ɗaya kamar UL 1973);
• Hakanan ana la'akari da jinkirin BMS a cikin sakamakon gwajin: Matsakaicin caji na yanzu na iya wuce matsakaicin caji na yanzu na ɗan gajeren lokaci (a cikin 'yan daƙiƙa) wanda ke tsakanin lokacin jinkirin gano BMS.

Gajeren kewayawa

• Yana kawar da buƙatun cewa idan na'urar kariya a cikin da'irar ta yi aiki, ana maimaita gwajin a kashi 90% na wurin tafiya na na'urar kariya ko a wani kaso na wurin tafiya wanda ke ba da damar caji na akalla 10 min.

Ocika bakiKarkashinZazzagewaTest

• Bugu da kari na overload a karkashin fitar da fitarwa (bukatun gwaji iri daya ne kamar Ul 1973)

Yawan zubar da ruwa

• Ƙarin buƙatun cewa za a auna ƙarfin lantarki na sel yayin gwajin.
• Ƙarin abin da ake buƙata saboda sakamakon gwajin wuce gona da iri, mafi ƙarancin wutar lantarki da aka auna akan sel bazai wuce iyakar aikinsu na yau da kullun ba.

Gwajin zafin jiki (Hawan zafin jiki)

• Ƙarin abin da ake buƙata cewa idan matsakaicin matsakaicin cajin ya bambanta da zafin jiki, za a bayyana ma'amala tsakanin sigogin caji da zafin jiki a fili a cikin umarnin caji kuma za a caje DUT a ƙarƙashin mafi girman ma'aunin caji.
• Canja abin da ake bukata na pre-sharadi.Sannan ana maimaita zagayowar caji da fitar da ruwa zuwa mafi ƙanƙanin jimlar 2 cikakkun zagayowar caji da fitarwa, har sai lokacin da za a yi a jere ba za a ci gaba da ƙara yawan zafin jiki ba fiye da 2 ° C. a cikin tsohon sigar)
• Ƙarin abin da ake buƙata cewa kariya ta thermal da na'urorin kariya masu yawa ba za su yi aiki ba.

Gwajin Cigaban ƙasa

Ƙarin Gwajin Ci Gaban Grounding (Buƙatun gwaji iri ɗaya ne da UL 2580)

Gwajin Haƙuri na Ƙirar Ƙira Guda Daya

Batura lithium na biyu waɗanda ke da ƙima mai ƙarfi sama da 1kWh za a gabatar da su ga Gwajin Haƙurin Hakuri na Ƙirar Ƙaƙwalwar Cell Single na UL/ULC 2580).

Takaitaway

Sabuwar sigar UL 2271 ta soke babura na lantarki a cikin kewayon samfur (za a haɗa kekunan lantarki a cikin iyakar UL 2580) kuma yana ƙara drones;tare da haɓaka batir sodium-ion, ƙarin LEVs suna amfani da su azaman samar da wutar lantarki.Abubuwan buƙatun don ƙwayoyin sodium-ion ana ƙara su cikin sabon daidaitaccen sigar.Dangane da gwaji, an kuma inganta cikakkun bayanan gwajin kuma an mai da hankali sosai ga amincin tantanin halitta.An ƙara runaway thermal don manyan batura.

A baya can, birnin New York ya ba da umarnin cewa batir na kekuna masu amfani da wutar lantarki, na'urorin lantarki, da motocin lantarki masu haske (LEV) dole ne su bi UL 2271. Wannan daidaitaccen bita kuma shine don sarrafa cikakken amincin batir na kekunan lantarki da sauran kayan aiki.Idan kamfanoni suna son samun nasarar shiga kasuwannin Arewacin Amurka, suna buƙatar fahimta da kuma biyan buƙatun sabbin ka'idoji a kan kari.